Computer Science At Home

For example, whenever you use the Internet, you're looking at something that's stored on a server. Many businesses also use local file servers to store and share files internally. The second type of computer you may be familiar with is a laptop computer, commonly called a laptop.

This chapter provides a first examination of the principal forms of supercomputer architecture and the underlying concepts that govern their performance. The hardware devices attached to the computer are called peripheral equipment. Peripheral equipment includes all input, output, and secondary storage devices. In the case of personal computers, some of the input, output, and storage devices are built into the same physical unit.

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The architecture is used in everything from pinball machines to cameras to robots to cars to rack-mounted servers. ARM is unusual in that it does not sell processors directly, but rather licenses other companies to build its processors, often as part of a larger system-on-chip. For example, Samsung, Altera, Apple, and Qualcomm all build ARM processors, either using microarchitectures purchased from ARM or microarchitectures developed internally under license from ARM.

The laser printer was used with PARC’s Alto computer, and was commercialized as the Xerox 9700. It was developed as a versatile instrument controller for HP's growing family of programmable test and measurement products. It interfaced with a wide number of standard laboratory instruments, allowing customers to computerize their instrument systems. The 2116A also marked HP's first use of integrated circuits in a commercial product. Minuteman missiles use transistorized computers to continuously calculate their position in flight.

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The knowledge and technologies developed for the Stretch project played a major role in the design, management, and manufacture of the later IBM System/360--the most successful computer family in IBM history. The 501 is built on a 'building block' concept which allows it to be highly flexible for many different uses and could simultaneously control up to 63 tape drives—very useful for large databases of information. For many business users, quick access to this huge storage capability outweighed its relatively slow processing speed.

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The PC Jr. is marketed as a home computer but is too expensive and limited in performance to compete with many of the other machines in that market. It offered increased performance and storage capacity over the original IBM PC and sold for about $4,000. It also included more memory and accommodated high-density 1.2-megabyte 5 1/4-inch floppy disks.

Computer once meant a person who did computations, but now the term almost universally refers to automated electronic machinery. The first section of this article focuses on modern digital electronic computers and their design, constituent parts, and applications. For details on computer architecture, software, and theory, see computer science. Business Computers are best for essential applications such as Microsoft Office. Basic Office products include Word, PowerPoint, Excel, Outlook, and more.

The IAS computer was designed for scientific calculations and it performed essential work for the US atomic weapons program. Popular modern programming languages, such as JavaScript and Python, work through multiple forms of programming paradigms. Functional programming, which uses mathematical functions to give outputs based on data input, is one of the more common ways code is used to provide instructions for a computer. Cloud computing is a technology largely viewed as the next big step in the development and deployment of an increasing number of distributed applications. The companies promoting cloud computing seem to have learned the most important lessons from the grid movement.

Lisa is the first commercial personal computer with a graphical user interface . It was thus an important milestone in computing as soon Microsoft Windows and the Apple Macintosh would soon adopt the GUI as their user interface, making it the new paradigm for personal computing. The Lisa ran on a Motorola microprocessor and came equipped with 1 MB of RAM, a 12-inch black-and-white monitor, dual 5.25-inch floppy disk drives and a 5 MB “Profile” hard drive.